arXiv:2609.01705cs.LGastro-ph.IM2026-09

用物理方程约束扩散模型,让生成过程匹配真实粒子运动规律。

Generative Diffusion Surrogates with Analytical Variance Schedule

论文配图:Generative Diffusion Surrogates with Analytical Variance Schedule
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 以物理方程导出的方差变化率定义噪声添加速度,实现时间对齐。
  • 在湍流等离子体中精准复现测试粒子分布与实验测得的方差尺度。
  • 无需中间数据即可追踪非高斯性演化,适合物理系统模拟与反演。

随机输运描述初始有序分布在未解析力、散射或异质介质作用下扩散的过程。此类系统的有效代理模型需具备概率性、时序性,并能表征非高斯分布结构。生成式扩散模型通过添加高斯噪声并学习逆向恢复结构状态,满足这些特性。然而,其噪声调度通常为启发式选择:图像和音频生成等经典应用场景无物理时间基准。而在输运问题中,尽管完整分布未知,宏观理论或经验标度常可给出方差(均方位移)。本文将前向加噪速率设定为该方差的时间导数,使生成时间成为校准过的输运时钟。方差路径由构造强制保证,而学习到的得分场则表示入口数据继承的非高斯结构沿该路径如何被平滑,无需中间时间的物理输运数据。在从类弹道到扩散的湍流等离子体输运中,该代理模型准确匹配测试粒子分布,重现实验室测量的方差尺度,并在无需调度调优的情况下跟踪模拟得到的峰度演化,实现校准后的模拟与基于似然的推断。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Stochastic transport describes physical systems in which an initially structured distribution spreads under unresolved forcing, scattering, or heterogeneous media. Useful surrogates for such systems should be probabilistic, time-resolved, and able to represent non-Gaussian distributional structure. Generative diffusion models, which corrupt data with Gaussian noise and learn a reverse flow back to structured states, have these properties. Their noise schedules, however, are usually chosen heuristically: image and audio generation---the canonical use cases---provide no physical clock. In transport, by contrast, the variance, or mean-square displacement, is often known from macroscopic theory or empirical scaling even when the full distribution is not. Here we prescribe the forward noising rate as the time derivative of this variance, turning generative time into a calibrated transport clock. The variance path is enforced by construction, while the learned score field represents how non-Gaussian structure inherited from entrance data is smoothed along that path, requiring no intermediate-time physical transport data. For ballistic-to-diffusive transport in turbulent plasmas, the surrogate matches test-particle distributions, reproduces the laboratory-measured variance scale, and tracks the simulated kurtosis evolution without schedule tuning, enabling calibrated emulation and likelihood-based inference.

扩散模型物理建模等离子体生成模型

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