提出可感知分辨率的深度学习体积相关法,提升三维位移测量精度与适用范围。
RAFT-DVC: Resolution-Aware Machine Learning-Based Digital Volume Correlation
- 基于RAFT架构设计多尺度解算器,通过下采样因子控制分辨率
- 定位误差达0.017特征网格体素,误差随分辨率缩放约0.017s体素
- 适用于粗纹理大位移场景,支持跨纹理迁移与大体积稠密估计
数字体积相关(DVC)从体图像中提供三维全场位移测量,但基于机器学习的DVC模型内部分辨率如何影响精度和适用范围尚不明确。本文提出RAFT-DVC,一种基于递归全对场变换(RAFT)的分辨率感知型DVC求解器族,包含下采样因子s=2、4、8的三种解算器。通过匹配设计,发现三者位移定位精度约为0.017个特征网格体素,原始体数据误差呈约0.017s体素的标度关系。解算器表现出由位移范围和体纹理兼容性共同决定的互补工作区间。合成基准测试显示,在细纹理、小至中等位移条件下,RAFT-DVC误差与调优后的经典DVC相当;在粗纹理、大位移条件下则具竞争力或优势。频谱扫描测试量化了形变空间分辨率,分块推理实现大体积稠密估计。对共聚焦成像中压痕过程的验证表明,匹配求解器工作区间对变形量和图像纹理至关重要。在弹性泡沫微CT图像上的测试虽仅用粒子标记的合成数据训练,仍展现跨纹理迁移能力。我们还发现三维RAFT相关采样中的坐标顺序不一致问题,并引入非立方脉冲测试独立验证采样器几何结构。修正采样器后提升了原输入精度并增强了对未见体尺寸的泛化能力。综合结果表明,RAFT-DVC是一种快速、可表征精度与工作区间的密集DVC框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Digital volume correlation (DVC) provides three-dimensional full-field displacement measurements from volumetric images, but how the internal resolution of a machine-learning-based DVC model affects accuracy and operating range remains poorly understood. Here, we present RAFT-DVC, a resolution-aware family of recurrent all-pairs field transforms (RAFT)-based DVC solvers with encoder downsampling factors s = 2, 4, and 8. Using a matched design, we find that the three solvers localize displacement to approximately 0.017 feature-grid voxel, giving an empirical raw-volume error scaling of approximately 0.017s voxel. The solvers exhibit complementary operating regimes governed jointly by displacement reach and volumetric-texture compatibility. Synthetic benchmarks show that RAFT-DVC achieves errors of the same order as tuned classical DVC under fine-texture, small-to-moderate-displacement conditions and becomes competitive or advantageous under coarse-texture, large-displacement conditions. Frequency-swept tests quantify deformation spatial resolution, while tiled inference enables dense estimation on large volumes. Evaluation on confocal volumetric images acquired during indentation illustrates the importance of matching solver operating regime to deformation magnitude and image texture. Tests on micro-CT images of elastomeric foam, despite training only on particle-labeled synthetic data, provide evidence of cross-texture transfer. We also identify coordinate-order inconsistencies in three-dimensional RAFT correlation sampling and introduce a non-cubic impulse test to verify sampler geometry independently of network training. Correcting the sampler improves native-input accuracy and generalization to unseen volume dimensions. Together, these results establish RAFT-DVC as a fast, resolution-aware framework for dense DVC with characterized accuracy and operating regimes.
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