用大模型驱动的智能体系统,自动完成神经科学数据分析全流程。
NS-Copilot: An LLM-Driven Agent System for Autonomous Neuroscience Analysis

- 基于自然语言指令,调度多个专用智能体协同完成分析任务。
- 在阿尔茨海默病等三类任务中,8次试验均优于强基线模型。
- 适合缺乏编程能力的神经科学家快速开展多模态数据研究。
人工智能正快速推动神经科学研究,但许多实验室因跨学科壁垒难以充分发挥其潜力。尽管用于生理数据的预训练神经模型发展迅速,但其异构架构和模态特定限制阻碍了系统性整合、选择与评估。现有基于大语言模型(LLM)的智能体系统虽已应用于科学任务,却仍缺乏有效选择与协调多样神经科学预训练模型及处理该领域独特数据类型的专业知识。我们提出NS-Copilot,一个面向神经科学研究的LLM驱动多智能体系统,可自主支持多种专业任务的端到端分析流程。它通过自然语言接口统一管理领域特异性预训练模型,支持包括脑电图(EEG)和细胞外尖峰数据在内的关键神经科学模态。给定原始数据与任务描述,NS-Copilot调度具备规划、自适应控制、代码生成与结果合成等功能的专用智能体,实现无需针对数据集设计启发式规则的分析。我们在涵盖阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和工作记忆尖峰解码的神经科学基准上评估了该系统。每项任务进行8次试验,系统在主评价指标上始终优于强基线,验证了其在神经科学研究中的有效性与可扩展性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI is rapidly advancing neuroscience, yet many laboratories fail to fully unleash its potential due to significant interdisciplinary barriers. While pre-trained neural models for physiological data are progressing quickly, their heterogeneous architectures and modality-specific constraints hinder systematic integration, selection, and evaluation. Despite recent advances in large language model (LLM)-based agent systems for intelligent scientific applications, existing approaches often still lack the domain expertise required to effectively select and coordinate diverse neuroscience pre-trained models and handle unique data types in this domain. We present NS-Copilot, an LLM-driven multi-agent system for neuroscience analysis that autonomously supports end-to-end workflows for diverse professional tasks. It unifies domain-specific pre-trained models and supports key neuroscience modalities, including EEG and extracellular spike data, through a natural-language interface. Given raw data and a task description, NS-Copilot orchestrates agents with specialized roles for planning, adaptive control, code generation, and result synthesis, enabling analysis without dataset-specific heuristics. We evaluate NS-Copilot on neuroscience benchmarks spanning Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and working memory spike decoding. Across 8 trials per task, the system consistently outperforms strong baselines on the primary metric, demonstrating the ability of NS-Copilot for effective and scalable neuroscience analysis.
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