用已有产品异常数据生成新产品的真实异常图像,提升零样本检测效果
DPA: Decoupling Product-Agnostic Anomaly Representations for Zero-shot Anomaly Generation

- 基于异常迁移,复用已有产品的真实异常样本
- 提出DPA框架,解耦通用异常表示,实现跨产品可迁移学习
- 自适应掩码控制生成位置与形状合理性,无需训练即可标注像素级异常
工业异常检测依赖异常样本,但新部署产品通常仅提供正常图像,难以获取异常样本。零样本异常生成为此提供解决方案,但现有方法多依赖纹理或文本描述作为异常源,常生成不真实的异常。观察到不同产品间存在相似异常模式,本文提出基于异常迁移的零样本生成方法,复用已有源产品的真实异常,无需为目标产品生成异常即可生成真实感强的异常样本。通过异常类型过滤机制筛选合适源类型后,提出DPA框架——一种基于扩散模型的解耦方法,通过不匹配数据对训练学习产品无关的异常嵌入,实现跨产品异常概念迁移。同时设计自适应掩码引导生成流程,控制生成异常的位置与几何合理性。进一步引入无训练异常标注模块,生成与异常对齐的像素级标签。在MVTec-AD、VisA及专用异常迁移基准上实验表明,该方法生成的异常更真实,显著提升零样本与少样本场景下的下游检测性能。代码与模型将公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Industrial anomaly detection benefits from anomaly samples, yet newly deployed products typically provide only normal images, making anomaly samples difficult to collect. Zero-shot anomaly generation offers a promising solution which avoids collection of target-product anomalies. However, existing methods mainly rely on texture images or text descriptions as anomaly sources, which often produce unrealistic anomalies. Observing that similar anomalies can recur across different products, we propose anomaly transfer-based zero-shot generation, which reuses real anomalies from existing source products, making target-product anomalies no longer necessary to generate realistic anomalious samples for unseen target products. Since not every anomaly type suits the target product, an anomaly type filtering mechanism first selects plausible source types. To transfer selected anomaly, we propose DPA, a diffusion-based framework that decouples product-agnostic anomaly representations. Instead of directly extracting anomaly representations, DPA learns product-irrelevant anomaly embeddings through training with the mismatched data pair, enabling transferable anomaly concept learning across products. Furthermore, we design an adaptive mask-guided pipeline that leverages adaptive masks to control the positional and geometric plausibility of generated anomalies during generation. A training-free anomaly labeling module is further introduced to produce pixel-level annotations aligned with generated anomalies. Extensive experiments on MVTec-AD, VisA, and a dedicated anomaly-transfer benchmark demonstrate that the proposed setting and DPA generate more realistic anomalies and significantly improve downstream anomaly detection performance under both zero-shot and few-shot settings. Source code and models will be released.
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