用Transformer学习路径的分布表示,捕捉不同出行行为和区域关联。
TraveL: Transformer-based Multi-view Path Distributional Representation Learning
- 基于Transformer多视角建模路径与出发时间的分布表示
- 在真实和合成数据上提升路径预测、出行时间估计等任务性能
- 适合研究交通行为建模与路径推荐的开发者
道路网络中的路径表示学习(PRL)因各类路径相关应用而受到越来越多关注。现有方法通常利用道路段与路径间的共现关系学习路径向量表示,但忽略了出行者行为差异及路段区域间关联。本文提出一种基于Transformer的多视角分布表示学习框架TraveL,将路径与出发时间编码为分布表示,可解码出路径上的可能出行行为样本。通过分析揭示路段间关系的区域相关性,引入区域注意力机制进行编码,并采用科莫戈罗夫-斯米尔诺夫(K-S)检验对比采样行为与真实数据以辅助训练。实验表明,TraveL在合成与真实数据集上均优于当前最优方法:出行时间分布估计的均值K-S距离降低14.7%,路径相似度预测的平均绝对误差减少16.7%,目的地预测的平均绝对误差下降3.97%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Path representation learning (PRL) for road networks has received increasing research attention, due to various path-related applications. Existing works on PRL typically exploit the co-occurrence relationship among road segments and paths to learn a vector as the path representation, without exploring the varied traveler behaviors and the regional correlation on the path. In this work, we propose to learn distributional representations, which provide valuable information for use in path-related applications, by capturing the varied traveler behaviors as well as the various dependencies within regions of road segments. We propose a novel Transformer-based Multi-view Distributional Representation Learning (TraveL) framework to encode a path along with a travel starting time to a distributional representation, which can be used to decode possible samples of on-path traveler behavior. Moreover, by analyzing the regional correlation which reveals various road segment relationships, we propose a regional attention to encode these correlations in a path. Also, we explore the idea of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test to compare the sampled traveler behavior against the collected ground truth to facilitate training. Experimental results show that the proposed TraveL model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real-world datasets, by 14.7% in Mean K-S distance for travel time distribution estimation, 16.7% in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for path similarity prediction, and 3.97% in MAE for destination prediction.
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