arXiv:2609.03454cs.CLcs.IR2026-09

针对心理问答,只在必要时检索,避免错误信息和安全风险。

When Retrieval Helps: Selective Retrieval for Single-Turn Mental-Health QA

论文配图:When Retrieval Helps: Selective Retrieval for Single-Turn Mental-Health QA
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 根据心理需求判断是否检索,分三类:教育、应对、具体性。
  • 全量检索提升回答具体性但降低整体质量,引发安全问题。
  • 选择性检索能保护低需求对话,适合医疗类大模型部署。

检索增强生成(RAG)可提升大模型回复的准确性和依据性,但在单轮心理健康问答中效果并不一致,因用户提问常混合情绪困扰、治疗顾虑与安全敏感需求。本文研究何时检索有益或有害,并验证轻量级选择性检索策略能否更好控制这一权衡。基于心理治疗范式,构建包含应对策略、心理教育和安全资源的紧凑指导语料库,并设计基于规则的安全触发机制。通过QLoRA微调指令模型MentalChat16K,在CounselBench-Eval和CounselBench-Adv上对比闭卷、始终检索和选择性检索三种设置。结果表明:始终检索虽提高具体性,但降低整体质量并引入更多安全敏感失败;选择性检索在低需求场景保持闭卷行为,避免无谓降质,支持‘检索激活’应为安全敏感决策的观点。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can improve the specificity and grounding of large language model responses, but its effect is not uniformly beneficial in single-turn mental-health question answering, where user queries often combine emotional distress, treatment concerns, and safety-sensitive needs. We study when retrieval helps or hurts mental-health QA, and whether a lightweight selective retrieval policy can better control this trade-off. We operationalize retrieval need using three draft-conditioned utility dimensions: psychoeducational need, coping need, and response specificity, together with a rule-based safety trigger. Following psychotherapy-grounded RAG systems such as coTherapist, we construct a compact and controllable guideline corpus comprising coping-strategy, psychoeducational, and safety resources. We fine-tune an instruction-tuned generator on MentalChat16K using QLoRA and compare Closed-book, Always Retrieval, and Selective Retrieval settings on CounselBench-Eval and CounselBench-Adv. Experiments show that retrieval is not uniformly beneficial in this domain. Always Retrieval improves specificity but lowers overall quality and introduces additional safety-sensitive failures. Selective Retrieval preserves closed-book behavior for low-need cases while avoiding the additional degradation caused by unconditional retrieval, supporting the view that retrieval activation is a safety-sensitive control decision.

心理健康检索增强大模型应用

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