用相机+定位系统实时生成农田植被指数图，估算作物生长
Plant Growth Estimation with a Camera-Based Vegetation Index Mapping System for Agricultural Ground Vehicles
- 用多光谱相机与RTK-GNSS融合图像，通过透视投影实现实时拼接
- 相比商用传感器，趋势一致且可过滤非作物区域，减少密度干扰
- 适合在低算力农机上部署，支持多种植被指数，扩展性强
本文提出一种基于相机的传感器系统，用于在农业地面车辆（如拖拉机）上对农田植物生长进行映射。该系统利用RTK-GNSS将多幅多光谱图像精确融合到一张地图上。采用NDVI作为植物生长估算指标，也可根据相机配置支持其他指数。通过透视投影将图像投影至估计的地面平面，计算简单，可在低性能硬件上实现田间实时处理。结果与商用车载传感器对比，绝对值难以直接比较，但两者呈现相似变化趋势。该方法还能过滤地面及非作物区域，可能降低作物密度对平均NDVI测量值的影响。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This work presents a camera-based sensor for mapping plant growth over an agricultural field. The sensor can be used on ground-based vehicles like a tractor and relies on RTK-GNSS to correctly merge many multispectral images onto one map. NDVI is used as an index to estimate plant growth, but the approach can be used with other indices as well depending on the camera. The images from the camera are projected onto the estimated ground plane using perspective projection. This computationally simple approach allows for real-time processing of all images on the field even with low-end hardware. The results are compared to a commercially established vehicle-mounted sensor. Absolute values are hard to compare, but both sensors show similar trends. The camera-based approach also allows for filtering of ground and non-ground areas, potentially reducing the impact of crop density on the average measured NDVI.
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