arXiv:2609.03906cs.RO2026-09

用拓扑图抽象环境,分层强化学习让导航更高效

Revisiting Topological Graphs for Macro Action based Closed-loop Reinforcement Learning of Vision Language Navigation in Continuous Environment

论文配图:Revisiting Topological Graphs for Macro Action based Closed-loop Reinforcement Learning of Vision Language Navigation in Continuous Environment
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将环境建模为拓扑图,高层策略在宏观动作空间决策
  • 在R2R-CE和RxR-CE上达到当前最佳性能
  • 无需额外训练的低层控制器,提升闭环强化学习可行性

视觉语言导航在连续环境(VLN-CE)中要求智能体根据自然语言指令穿越未知环境。现有模仿学习方法在此闭环设置下表现不佳:行为克隆受分布偏移影响,DAgger的专家动作在轨迹偏离时变得模糊。虽然强化学习(RL)提供了天然解决方案,但直接应用于微观动作空间因奖励稀疏导致样本效率低下。为此,我们将其重构为分层马尔可夫决策过程(MDP),显式分离高层规划与底层控制。通过将环境抽象为拓扑图,高层策略在前缘节点构成的宏观动作空间中决策,而无需训练的低层控制器作为状态转移机制,显著压缩决策时域,使闭环强化学习成为可能。为支持在宏观MDP上的优化,我们提出一种动作感知的价值头,有效评估动态前缘动作空间下的状态价值,驱动基于图的PPO算法。大量实验验证了该架构的有效性。最终,我们的模型在R2R-CE和RxR-CE基准上达到当前最优表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments (VLN-CE) requires an agent to follow natural language instructions through unseen environments. Existing imitation learning (IL) pipelines struggle in this closed-loop setting: behavior cloning suffers from distribution shift, and DAgger's expert actions become ambiguous upon trajectory deviation. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a natural paradigm to address this, directly applying RL to micro action spaces is sample-inefficient due to reward sparsity. To overcome this bottleneck, we reformulate VLN-CE as a Hierarchical Markov Decision Process (MDP), explicitly decoupling high-level planning from low-level control. By abstracting the environment into a topological graph, our high-level policy operates on a macro action space of frontier nodes, with a training-free low-level controller acting as its state transition, which significantly compresses the decision horizon and makes closed-loop RL tractable. To support RL optimization on the macro MDP, we propose an action-aware value head to effectively evaluate state values under the dynamic frontier action space, powering a graph-based PPO. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our architecture. Finally, our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the R2R-CE and RxR-CE benchmarks.

视觉导航强化学习分层决策拓扑图

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。