用新指标揭示外语词性别分配的双轨机制。
Fixed Suffix Dependency Ratio: Quantifying the Dual-Track Mechanism of Gender Assignment in Latvian Loanwords
- 提出固定后缀依赖率量化性别分配中规则与自由选择的程度。
- 发现拉脱维亚语中女性外来词更依赖固定后缀，男性则更自由。
- 适合语言类型学与接触语言学研究者阅读。
现有研究反复观察到，英语外来词在不同接收语言中倾向于集中于阳性性别，但这一模式的成因仍难确定，因固定形态规则与默认分配常被混为一谈。本研究提出固定后缀依赖率（FSDR）来量化不同性别对外部派生后缀的依赖程度，并区分形态锚定与自由选择。通过对1,832个拉脱维亚语名词词形的分析，结果揭示外来词系统内存在显著的FSDR不对称性：女性外来词更依赖固定派生后缀，而男性外来词则更集中在自由选择区域。该模式具有外来词特异性，且在当代使用中愈发明显。因此，FSDR为检验默认性别提供了量化框架，并说明了阳性默认如何在语言接触中被激活与强化。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Existing research has repeatedly observed the tendency for English loanwords to cluster in the masculine gender across different recipient languages, yet the origin of this pattern remains difficult to determine, as fixed morphological rules and default assignments are frequently analysed together. This study proposes the Fixed Suffix Dependency Ratio (FSDR) to quantify the degree of reliance on fixed derivational suffixes across different genders, and to distinguish between morphological anchoring and free-choice in distribution. By examining 1,832 Latvian noun lemma types, the results reveal a significant FSDR asymmetry within the loanword system: feminine loanwords rely significantly more on fixed derivational suffixes, while masculine loanwords are more concentrated in the free-choice zone. This pattern exhibits loanword specificity and has become more pronounced in contemporary usage. FSDR therefore provides a quantitative framework for testing default gender and shows how masculine default can be activated and reinforced under language contact.
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