用大模型多路径协商,让自动驾驶车队更安全地达成一致决策。
CoLMIN: LLM-based Multi-Decision Path Negotiation for Cooperative Autonomous Driving

- 设计多意图协商机制,生成多个候选方案供联合评估
- 通过浅层与深层反思模块,避免过早收敛到次优解
- 适合复杂交通场景下需要高可靠协作的自动驾驶系统
多车协同自动驾驶通过联网车辆间的信息共享,显著提升系统安全性与可靠性,展现出巨大潜力。基于大语言模型(LLM)的方法利用其强大的推理能力,实现车辆间的有效协商,提升协同驾驶性能。然而,在复杂交通场景中,驾驶决策本质上具有多解性,现有协商方法常过早收敛至次优解,阻碍共识形成,限制实际应用。为此,本文提出CoLMIN——一种基于大模型的多决策路径协商框架,通过多路径协商与反思推理实现稳定决策共识。该框架包含三个核心组件:(i) 基于大模型的多意图协商模块(LMin),采用协商者-评估者范式,生成多个候选驾驶意图进行联合评估;(ii) 基于评估的浅层反思模块(ESRM),分析协商结果并提供反馈以加速共识形成;(iii) 基于大模型的深层反思模块(LDRM),对协商历史进行长期反思,缓解认知固化,防止系统陷入次优解。在CARLA仿真环境中的实验表明,CoLMIN在挑战性交互驾驶场景中显著优于现有方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-vehicle cooperative autonomous driving enhances the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems through information sharing among connected vehicles, demonstrating significant potential for improving traffic safety. LLM-based approaches leverage strong reasoning capabilities of LLMs to enable effective inter-vehicle negotiation and improve cooperative driving performance. However, driving decisions in complex traffic scenarios are inherently multi-solution in nature. As a result, existing negotiation-based methods often converge prematurely to suboptimal solutions, hindering consensus formation and limiting the practical deployment of cooperative autonomous driving systems. To address this challenge, we propose CoLMIN, the LLM-based multi-decision path negotiation framework for cooperative autonomous driving, achieving stable decision consensus through multi-decision path negotiation and reflective reasoning. To achieve stable and high-quality consensus in cooperative autonomous driving, CoLMIN consists of three key components: (i) an LLM-based Multi-Intent Negotiation module (LMin), which adopts a Negotiator-Evaluator paradigm and generates multiple candidate driving intentions for joint evaluation; (ii) an Evaluation-based Shallow Reflection Module (ESRM), which analyzes negotiation outcomes and provides feedback to guide subsequent negotiations, thereby accelerating consensus formation; and (iii) an LLM-based Deep Reflection Module (LDRM), which performs long-term reflection over negotiation histories to mitigate cognitive fixation and prevent the system from converging to suboptimal solutions. Experimental results in the CARLA simulation environment demonstrate that CoLMIN significantly outperforms existing methods in challenging interactive driving scenarios.
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