arXiv:2609.04965cs.CV2026-09

不依赖深度模型,用光线汇聚几何约束实现地面与卫星图像直接定位。

ARC-Loc: Leveraging Azimuthal Ray Convergence as a Geometric Cue for Direct Cross-View Localization

论文配图:ARC-Loc: Leveraging Azimuthal Ray Convergence as a Geometric Cue for Direct Cross-View Localization
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于人眼导航的交会法,将地面特征转为卫星图上的方位射线。
  • 射线交点即为位置,直接求解实现端到端匹配,精度媲美先进方法。
  • 无需3D重建或外部深度模型,推理更快、内存更省,适合部署。

跨视图定位(CVL)通过匹配地面图像与地理参考的卫星图像来估计其姿态。主流方法依赖鸟瞰图(BEV)变换或2D到3D提升,但单张地面图像难以唯一恢复3D结构,导致几何失真和计算开销。依赖外部深度基础模型则引入延迟且易受噪声影响。本文提出一种受人类导航中后方交会启发的新方法,可直接进行地面到卫星图像匹配与定位,无需外部深度模型。核心思想是:(i)地面关键点可映射为卫星图上的方位射线;(ii)这些射线理想情况下在用户位置交汇。利用此几何约束,我们设计了最小化方位射线收敛(ARC)求解器,并引入ARC损失优化匹配网络。该方法避免了复杂的BEV变换和深度模型依赖,实现更快、更省内存的推理,且显式特征匹配使其易于集成现有框架。在VIGOR和KITTI数据集上的实验表明,ARC-Loc在定位精度上保持竞争力,凸显其实用价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cross-view localization (CVL) estimates the pose of a ground image by matching it to a geo-referenced satellite image. To bridge the extreme viewpoint gap, mainstream pipelines rely on Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) transformations or 2D-to-3D lifting. However, deriving 3D structures from a single ground image is fundamentally ill-posed, causing these methods to endure geometric distortions and computational costs during 3D lifting or BEV projection. Furthermore, relying on external depth foundation models to resolve this introduces latency and remains susceptible to noisy predictions. In this work, we present a different approach inspired by a human navigation technique called resection, that can perform direct ground to satellite image matching and localization without relying on external depth foundation models. The key insights of our method are that (i) ground keypoints can be translated into azimuthal rays on the satellite map, and (ii) these rays ideally converge at the user location. Exploiting this geometric constraint through direct line-to-point correspondences, we introduce a minimal Azimuthal Ray Convergence (ARC) solver to identify the intersection, alongside an ARC loss to optimize the matching network. By eliminating dependencies on computationally heavy BEV transformations and external depth foundation models, our approach achieves faster, memory-efficient inference, while its explicit feature matching ensures straightforward compatibility with existing frameworks. Experiments on VIGOR and KITTI demonstrate that ARC-Loc maintains competitive localization accuracy compared to recent approaches, highlighting its practicality.

跨视图定位几何约束无深度模型卫星匹配

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