arXiv:2609.05091cs.CV2026-09

无需训练即可同时检测结构与逻辑异常,靠统计校准融合多类线索。

Training-Free Logical and Structural Anomaly Detection via Calibrated Fusion

论文配图:Training-Free Logical and Structural Anomaly Detection via Calibrated Fusion
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用正常样本统计校准异样信号,实现无训练融合
  • 在MVTec-LOCO上逻辑/结构异常的图像级AUROC分别达89.0和95.9
  • 适用于无标注、无微调场景,适合工业质检部署

工业异常检测需应对两类缺陷:局部纹理损坏的结构异常,以及违反全局规则(如数量、组成、排列)的逻辑异常。现有方法通常偏向其中一类。训练无关方法虽能利用冻结特征,但缺乏计数能力;而基于计数的方法多依赖类别特定组件建模。本文提出在不增加训练或部件监督的前提下,将计数能力引入训练无关检测。核心思想是通过正常样本统计对异样线索进行校准,使其在统一框架中直接融合。基于此,检测器结合互补的冻结特征,同时应对逻辑与结构异常。在MVTec-LOCO上,图像级AUROC分别达到89.0(逻辑异常)和95.9(结构异常),平均92.5,为现有训练无关方法最佳。其结构变体在MVTec-AD上达到99.1的图像级AUROC,与PatchCore相当,表明该校准机制具有泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Industrial anomaly detection must handle two distinct defect families: structural anomalies, which manifest as local texture corruptions, and logical anomalies, which violate global rules on object count, composition, or arrangement. Existing detectors typically favor one family at the expense of the other. In particular, training-free methods effectively exploit frozen representations but lack an explicit notion of object count, while methods that reason about counts usually rely on category-specific component modeling. We show that counting ability can be introduced into training-free anomaly detection without additional training or part-level supervision. Our key idea is a normal-set calibration that aligns heterogeneous anomaly cues using statistics from normal images, enabling their direct fusion within a unified training-free framework. Built upon this calibration, our detector combines complementary frozen cues to address both logical and structural anomalies. On MVTec-LOCO, our method achieves image-level AUROCs of 89.0 and 95.9 on logical and structural anomalies, respectively, yielding a 92.5 average---the best among training-free detectors in our comparison. It remains competitive with methods requiring network training or part annotations, while its structural variant matches PatchCore on MVTec-AD (99.1 image-AUROC), suggesting that the proposed calibration generalizes beyond logical anomaly detection.

异常检测无训练逻辑异常结构异常

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