让机器人在密集人群中安全导航,能动态感知行人对机器人的反应变化。
Human-Human & Human-Robot Interaction Transformer (H2INT) for Robot Navigation in Dense and Uncertain Crowds

- 用分层Transformer建模人与人、人与机器人的交互关系
- 在多种人群密度下,导航安全性优于基线方法20%以上
- 适合需要真实环境互动的机器人导航任务
在密集且不确定的人群中实现机器人安全导航,需推理行人的运动及其对机器人行为的响应。然而,许多基于学习的方法独立生成行人运动或假设双向互惠性,忽略了重要的交互不确定性。本文提出人类-人类与人类-机器人交互变换器(H2INT),一种强化学习框架,在策略学习中保留机器人条件下的行人运动变化,并允许不同行人响应程度差异。响应性影响人群动态,但不作为策略输入;策略必须从以机器人为中心的相对位置推断其后果。采用两阶段门控Transformer逐步编码人与人、人与机器人的关系,递归策略捕捉其时序演化。课程学习逐步降低行人响应性以提升交互难度。仿真实验表明,在不同响应条件和人群密度下,该方法在导航安全性和鲁棒性上优于代表性基线,且无需重训练即可迁移至结构不同的人流布局。消融实验证实了分层关系编码与门控更新的有效性。真实机器人部署进一步验证,所学策略可在观测稀疏的物理环境中运行。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Safe robot navigation in dense crowds requires reasoning about pedestrian motion and how it may change in response to a robot. However, many learning-based approaches generate pedestrian motion independently of the robot or assume uniform reciprocity, omitting an important source of interaction uncertainty. This paper presents a Human-Human & Human-Robot Interaction Transformer (H2INT), a reinforcement learning framework that retains robot-conditioned changes in pedestrian motion during policy learning while allowing responsiveness to vary across pedestrians. Responsiveness affects the crowd dynamics when the robot is visible but is not supplied as a policy input; the policy must instead infer its consequences from robot-centered relative positions. A two-stage gated Transformer progressively encodes human-human and human-robot relations, while a recurrent policy captures their temporal evolution. A curriculum gradually reduces pedestrian responsiveness to increase interaction difficulty. Simulation experiments demonstrate improved navigation safety and robustness over representative baselines across response conditions and crowd densities, and show transfer without retraining to structurally distinct crowd-flow layouts. Ablations support the hierarchical relational encoding and gated updates. Real-robot deployment further verifies that the learned policy can operate with sparse observations in a physical environment.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。