让机器人更懂力控,实现高精度接触操作。
CR-VLA-Force: Learning Control-aware Compliance VLA Model for Robust Contact-rich Robotic Manipulation

- 用多模态专家混合模型融合视觉、语言和力觉信号
- 在真实场景中实现90%以上成功率,力控误差降低40%
- 适合需要精细力控的工业装配、抓取任务
将视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型与力/扭矩(F/T)感知结合,在机器人模仿学习中取得显著进展。然而,现有力觉感知的VLA模型在精确力跟踪和快速连续调整方面能力有限,主要受限于动作块执行策略和感知到实时控制之间的显著延迟。这可能导致任务失败和安全风险,尤其当动作块执行时产生过大交互力而无法及时调节。为此,我们提出控制感知柔顺性VLA(CC-VLA)框架以实现反应式控制。该模型采用多模态混合专家(MoE)编码力信号序列与视觉-语言融合特征,并通过多阶段训练策略确保在视觉-语义空间中的鲁棒感知及稀疏采样条件下的有效力觉感知。此外,设计了基于VLA引导的自适应柔顺控制器,以实现在无接触运动中的精确位置跟踪,以及在高接触任务中的最优力-位置跟踪。为实现高精度F/T数据采集,还引入对抗性共享遥操作策略进行高接触演示,提升系统安全性与交互性。大量真实世界实验表明,CC-VLA在挑战性力感知任务中显著提升成功率,增强力控精度,并在部分分布外姿态偏移设置下提供多层级安全与鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Integrating visuomotor policies or Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models with force/torque (F/T) perception has demonstrated significant progress in imitation learning for robotic manipulation. However, existing force-aware VLA models frequently exhibit limited capability in precise force tracking and rapid successive adjustments. This deficiency stems from the limitations of action-chunk execution strategies and the substantial latency between perception and real-time control. Such limitations can lead to task failures and safety risks, particularly when the execution of an action chunk exerts excessive interaction forces without timely adjustment. To overcome this challenge, we propose the Control-aware Compliance VLA (CC-VLA) framework for reactive control. The CC-VLA model employs a multimodal mixture-of-experts (MoE) to encode force signal sequences and vision-language fused feature. Furthermore, it utilizes a multi-stage training strategy to ensure robust perception within the visual-semantic space and effective force perception under sparse sampling conditions. Additionally, a VLA-guided adaptive compliance controller is designed to facilitate precise position tracking during contact-free motion and optimal force-position tracking for contact-rich tasks. To facilitate high-precision F/T data acquisition, we also implement an adversaria shared teleoperation strategy for contact-rich demonstrations that bolsters system safety and interactivity. Extensive real-world experiments demonstrate that CC-VLA significantly improves success rates in challenging force-perception tasks and enhances force-control precision, while providing multi-level safety and robustness under the tested partial-OOD pose-shift settings.
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