arXiv:2609.07544cs.RO2026-09

让飞行人形机器人在天花板上行走,实现反重力环境下的稳定步态控制。

Anti-Gravity Walking by a Flying Humanoid Robot via Thrust-Rate Input Whole-Body Model Predictive Control

论文配图:Anti-Gravity Walking by a Flying Humanoid Robot via Thrust-Rate Input Whole-Body Model Predictive Control
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用推力变化率作为控制输入,保证接触切换时推力连续。
  • 通过足底法向力下限约束,解决反重力环境下支撑力缺失问题。
  • 首次实现可变形飞行机器人在空中多接触的全身模型预测控制。

飞行人形机器人有望在多样环境中执行任务,但其现有运动方式主要局限于空中飞行和地面行走。在复杂三维空间中行走的能力可极大拓展其应用范围。针对天花板等反重力环境下的行走,全身模型预测控制(whole-body MPC)具有优势。然而,行走过程中接触切换引起的动力学结构突变会导致推力尖峰,引发控制不稳定。为此,本文提出并实现了实时全身MPC框架用于反重力双足行走。首先,将推力变化率(thrust-rate)作为控制输入,确保接触切换时推力轨迹连续,同时保持最优控制问题的稀疏性以实现快速计算。其次,针对反重力环境中缺乏自然支撑力的问题,引入足底法向力下限,并在双支撑阶段平滑转移。最后,我们在仿真和硬件实验中实现了飞行人形机器人的反重力行走。据我们所知,这是首个针对可变形飞行机器人实现多接触全身MPC,以及飞行人形机器人在地面之外的行走演示。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Flying humanoids are expected to perform tasks in diverse environments, while their existing locomotion is mainly limited to aerial flight and ground walking. The capability to move in complex three-dimensional space can greatly expand their application range. For such walking motion on ceilings and similar anti-gravity environments, whole-body MPC is effective. However, the discontinuous changes in dynamic structure accompanying contact switching during walking can induce thrust spikes, resulting in control instability. Therefore, in this work, we propose and implement a real-time whole-body MPC framework for anti-gravity bipedal walking. First, we formulate whole-body MPC using the time derivative of thrust, namely thrust-rate, as the control input. This formulation guarantees continuity of the thrust trajectory during contact switching while preserving the sparse structure of the optimal control problem for fast computation. Second, we address the lack of natural support forces in anti-gravity environments. We introduce lower bounds on the foot-normal component of the contact force, and smoothly transfer them during the doublesupport phase. Finally, we implement the proposed framework and demonstrate anti-gravity walking by a flying humanoid through simulation and a hardware experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of multi-contact whole-body MPC for a transformable aerial robot and walking by a flying humanoid beyond the ground.

飞行机器人反重力行走模型预测控制全身控制

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