arXiv:2609.08220cs.RO2026-09

用大模型自动设计能真实工作的柔性机器人,突破语言与物理的鸿沟。

Bridging Language and Physics: Automated Design of Continuum Robots with Large Language Models

论文配图:Bridging Language and Physics: Automated Design of Continuum Robots with Large Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过仿真反馈闭环,让大模型理解物理后果并迭代优化设计。
  • 96.2%的设计通过仿真可行性检验,26.7%在强化学习后完成任务。
  • 真实世界验证3个设计,适合需要物理可实现性的机器人自动化设计者。

大语言模型(LLMs)虽被用于从高层需求自动化设计机器人,但在复杂物理交互场景下表现不佳,主要因语言推理与实体物理后果之间存在断层,导致设计缺乏物理有效性。本文提出多层级框架AID-SR,通过将仿真中观测到的物理状态转化为结构化反馈,形成闭环,结合语义批评、人工反馈与迭代优化,促进生成具备物理可行性和功能意义的机器人设计。我们在14项任务(包括抓取、移动、操控等)上评估了腱驱动连续体机器人。该框架使96.2%的设计通过仿真可行性检查;经常见强化学习训练后,26.7%的机器人成功完成对应任务。随后,我们制造了三个AID-SR设计的机器人,并在真实世界中成功完成任务。大量仿真与真实环境实验验证了该方法打破大模型在连续体机器人自动化设计中的应用壁垒。源代码与实验资源已公开于https://github.com/UNITES-Lab/AID-SR。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a promising tool for automating robot design from high-level specifications, yet they remain ineffective for robots operating under complex physical interactions. This limitation stems from the gap between language-based reasoning and the physical consequences of embodiment, often resulting in designs with low physical validity. In this work, we propose a multi-layered framework, AID-SR, that establishes a closed loop by translating simulator-observed physical states into structured feedback for the LLM designer. Combined with semantic critique, human feedback, and iterative refinement, the framework promotes the generation of physically feasible and functionally meaningful robot designs. We evaluate our approach on tendon-driven continuum robots across a benchmark of 14 tasks spanning reaching, grasping, locomotion, and manipulation. The proposed framework achieves 96.2% rate for passing the simulation feasibility check and by applying a common reinforcement learning training, 26.7% robots can successfully fulfill the corresponding task. We then fabricate three designed robots of AID-SR that successfully complete the task in real-world. These extensive experiments across simulation and real-world environments demonstrate and break the wall of utilizing the LLMs for automated design of continuum robots. The source code and experimental resources are publicly available at https://github.com/UNITES-Lab/AID-SR.

机器人设计大模型物理仿真连续体机器人

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