arXiv:2609.08407cs.AI2026-09

通过读出触发的压缩机制,显著降低大模型嵌入推理计算量。

FastE: Readout-Triggered Token Compression for LLM Embedding Inference

论文配图:FastE: Readout-Triggered Token Compression for LLM Embedding Inference
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于读出位置注意力得分动态选择保留前缀状态,实现轻量级在线压缩。
  • 在NarrativeQA上减少40.11%计算量,同时保持99.53%的检索性能。
  • 无需训练,可适配多场景,适合大规模检索与多模态系统部署。

本文发现,在最终读出结构的大语言模型嵌入模型中存在深度相关的前缀冗余现象,尤其在Qwen3-Embedding和Qwen3-VL-Embedding等主流骨干网络中表现明显。研究显示,浅层去除前缀状态比深层影响更大,表明随着网络深度推进,前缀状态逐渐更易压缩。为此,我们提出FastE——一种无需训练、即插即用的方法。FastE采用共享固定阈值,以批均读出-前缀对齐度为轻量级在线启发式信号,判断何时进行压缩,并根据前缀状态被读出位置赋予的注意力分数排序,决定后续层保留哪些状态。评估结果表明,使用Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B在NarrativeQA上,可使解码器-骨干网络的浮点运算量减少40.11%,同时保留99.53%的Full Forward nDCG@10。在五个文本嵌入基准、两种骨干规模及三项跨模态检索任务中,质量与效率的权衡可通过最大删除比例灵活调节,无需重新训练。我们认为FastE对检索、索引、聚类及多模态表征系统的可扩展嵌入生成具有实用价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In this study, we identify depth-dependent prefix redundancy in final-readout LLM embedding models, notably across representative backbones including Qwen3-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Embedding. We find that removing prefix states is substantially more damaging in shallow layers than at greater depth, showing that prefix states become increasingly compressible as the prefix and readout states propagate through the network. To this end, we introduce FastE, a training-free, plug-and-play method. FastE uses a shared fixed threshold on batch-mean readout-prefix alignment as a lightweight online heuristic for selecting when compression occurs, and ranks prefix states by the attention scores they receive from the readout position to determine which states are retained in subsequent layers. Our evaluations demonstrate FastE's ability to substantially reduce computational costs: on NarrativeQA with Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B, it reduces decoder-backbone FLOPs by 40.11% while retaining 99.53% of Full Forward nDCG@10. Across five text embedding benchmarks, two backbone scales, and three cross-modal retrieval tasks, the quality-efficiency trade-off is directly customizable through the maximum removal ratio without retraining. We believe FastE offers practical value for scalable embedding generation in retrieval, indexing, clustering, and multimodal representation systems.

嵌入推理模型压缩高效计算LLM

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