用几何聚类压缩3D高斯点云,不改模型也能大幅提速。
CVT-GS: Learning to Simplify 3D Gaussian Splatting with Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation

- 基于中心化沃罗诺伊图生成空间一致的聚类单元。
- 100倍点数减少下仍提升1.3dB PSNR,速度超当前方法12倍。
- 无需训练修改,直接适配已有预训练模型,适合部署优化。
尽管3D高斯泼溅(3DGS)已成为实时新视角合成的强大表示,但高保真场景通常依赖大量高斯基元,带来显著存储与计算开销。现有简化方法多需训练时剪枝、结构修改或耗时的场景微调,难以部署于现成预训练模型。本文提出CVT-GS,一种无需优化的后处理简化框架,可直接压缩已训练的3DGS场景而不损失视觉质量。首先通过几何感知的中心化沃罗诺伊图(CVT)在高斯中心上构建空间一致的细胞单元;随后,轻量神经细胞合并器在可微渲染监督下为每个单元预测单一代表性高斯基元的几何与外观。通过将简化建模为面向渲染的多对一合并过程而非简单剪枝,CVT-GS输出标准3DGS场景,可无缝兼容现有渲染器。在多个数据集上的实验表明其优越性:当实现100倍高斯点数缩减时,相比最先进方法提速12倍,且PSNR提升1.3 dB。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful representation for real-time novel view synthesis, rendering high-fidelity scenes often relies on a massive number of Gaussian primitives, incurring substantial storage and computational overhead. Existing simplification techniques are largely intrusive, requiring training-time pruning, architectural modifications, or computationally expensive per-scene fine-tuning. These drawbacks limit their deployment on off-the-shelf pretrained models. In this paper, we propose CVT-GS, a novel optimization-free post-hoc simplification framework that directly compresses trained 3DGS scenes without sacrificing visual fidelity. Our approach first constructs spatially coherent cells over Gaussian centers via a geometry-aware Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT). Subsequently, a lightweight neural cell merger predicts the geometry and appearance of a single, highly representative Gaussian primitive for each cell under differentiable rendering supervision. By formulating simplification as a rendering-aware many-to-one merging process rather than naive primitive pruning, CVT-GS outputs a standard 3DGS scene that is seamlessly compatible with existing renderers. Experiments on various datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method. Notably, when achieving a 100-fold reduction in Gaussian points, our method operates 12 times faster than state-of-the-art methods while improving the PSNR by 1.3 dB.
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