用图神经网络建模张拉整体机器人,实现复杂地形下的稳定导航。
Model Predictive Control of Tensegrity Robots via Contact-Aware Graph Neural Dynamics Model
- 基于可微接触检测的图神经网络,捕捉多接触动态。
- 在五类复杂任务中,导航成功率显著高于基线方法。
- 适合做柔性机器人控制与复杂环境自主导航的研究者。
张拉整体机器人具有轻量化、柔顺性好的特点,可在复杂地形上移动,但因其复杂的多接触动力学和部分可观测性,建模与控制仍具挑战。本文提出一种基于学习的图神经网络(GNN)动力学模型,并结合模型预测路径积分(MPPI)控制器,用于三杆张拉整体机器人控制。首次在原有GNN模型基础上引入可微接触检测模块,使模型能够处理非水平平面、障碍物及自碰撞等复杂情况。学习到的动力学模型与MPPI控制器构成闭环数据收集循环,持续提升模型精度与控制性能。此外,提出一种混合式MPPI策略,融合转向运动基元以增强机动性。在MuJoCo仿真环境中完成五项导航任务:墙障、斜坡、狭窄通道、低净空结构及复合3D障碍赛道。实验表明,该混合MPPI控制器在学习到的接触感知动力学模型基础上,预测精度优于平坦地面基线模型,且导航性能显著超越基于A*的重规划方案与纯MPPI方法。结果证明,结合接触感知学习动力学与基于采样的模型预测控制,可实现复杂多接触环境中的鲁棒张拉整体机器人导航。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tensegrity robots offer lightweight, compliant mobility over challenging terrain but remain difficult to model and control due to complex contact-rich dynamics and partial observability. This work presents a model predictive path integral (MPPI) controller for a three-bar tensegrity robot driven by a learned graph neural network (GNN) dynamics model. This work first extends prior GNN-based models with a differentiable contact detection module. The extension allows the dynamics model to reason over non-horizontal planar terrains, obstacles, as well as self-collisions. Then, the learned dynamics model and the MPPI controller operate in a closed data-collection loop, iteratively improving model accuracy and control performance. This work further introduces a hybrid MPPI strategy that combines MPPI with turning motion primitives to improve maneuverability. Experiments are performed in MuJoCo across five navigation tasks, which include, wall obstacles, inclines, narrow corridors, low-clearance structures, and a composite 3D obstacle course. The experiments demonstrate that the hybrid MPPI controller operating over the learned GNN dynamics model improves predictive accuracy over a flat-ground baseline model and achieves superior navigation performance compared to $A^*$-based re-planning and MPPI-only variants. Results show that the contact-aware learned dynamics combined with the sampling-based model predictive control enable robust tensegrity navigation in complex, contact-rich environments.
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